Monthly Archives: August 2016

Introducing “Outliers” (2008)

By Malcolm Gladwell
By Malcolm Gladwell

This book is a Christmas present from a friend in the UK. It’d been lying in my shelf for at least 2 or 3 years till i picked it up. And guess what, I’ve really enjoyed it. I don’t understand how i could have not heard about this author all these years. Malcolm Gladwell, one of the Time Magazine’s 100 most influential people in 2005.

“OUTLIERS – the story of success”. There are a lot of interesting research findings in it, it doesn’t just tell you how to be successful, not at all (in fact in a lot of cases it’s telling you you can’t be the extraordinary one because of …). But he really helps to make sense of many things…

Now i know why in my class there are always more students born in the first half of the year, and what we might do to change this; how certain people become so successful not due to their “gifted talent” but they’ve worked more than 10,000 hours before they reached where they’re today; why certain airlines of certain social psychologists defined cultures are more likely to crash; why maths of children from certain regions of Asia are better than the rest of the world and it has nothing to do with their “IQ” or “inherited abilities”; how children are brought up matters a lot – parenting styles, what they do during summers, social classes too! Rich students learnt more in the summer term than throughout the whole school year! Etc etc.

I don’t want to spoil the book. But I’m going to read another of his book. It’s not so much clinical psychology, but psychology in general. Anyone can read, anyone! And I’d particularly recommend it to parents and parents-to-be.

“Outliers are those who have been given opportunities — and who have had the strength and presence of mind to seize them”

Self-Hypnosis & De-Hypnosis

催眠 (hypnosis) 与去催眠化 (dehypnosis)

开始前,先说说关于英文 “dehypnosis” 这个字的翻译,让我纠结了好一下的一个词。面对广大群众,其实我会偏好"反催眠"(听起来比较酷?!),但却也因为"反",它带有误导性,感觉像是抵抗被催眠,阻止人家给你催眠,阻止自己接受催眠师的任何暗示*?所以我还是选了"去催眠化"。

所谓催眠,就是集中注意力,去关注一个"单一"的想法(或主意,画面,感觉等),比如提升自信的想法,在演讲过程中轻松自在的表现的想法,看见巧克力的时候可以抵抗把它放进嘴巴的画面,把疼痛想象成柔和的颜色逐渐消失散去的画面,看见心爱的女神可以坦然自信的画面等等。在这过程中,你全神关注。

所以每一天,我们都在给自己催眠而不自知。比如驾车回家途中,想起今早会议的情况;洗澡的时候,想起刚刚和老婆吵架的画面;并久久沉浸在这些画面里。你被自己[短暂的]催眠了。

那怎么个"去催眠"呢?简单来说,就是认知行为疗法(CBT)里的认知解离/认知距离化(cognitive defusion, cognitive distancing)。注意到自己沉浸在这些想法里了,注意"这些想法就只是想法,它不是事实!"让自己走出来,反催眠自己(看吧,"反催眠"是比较适用的)。这也是我最爱的接受与承诺疗法(ACT)的提倡之一--改变自己和想法的关系,而不是改变想法本身(因为为了改变一个想法,你可能更关注它,更沉浸纠结其中,最后更痛苦!)。

大多时候,我们的目标,是多给自己催眠于自信、积极、正面的想法**,去催眠自己消极,负面的部分,这包括回忆痛苦的过去,和对未来的担心和焦虑,让自己可以真正的活在当下!

*如果你想问,那怎么做到"抵抗被催眠,阻止人家给你催眠,阻止自己接受催眠师的任何暗示"?那还不简单,人家说的话,你都别相信,他要你干嘛,你偏不干嘛,那他怎么能给你催眠?

**当然首先必须能够解离认知,而且不过于沉溺于正面积极的情绪(毕竟正面或负面,它都是生活的一部分,都让我们的生命更完整)

N.B. 配合8月我会到北京参加心理学家大会,用中文写了这篇"催眠与去催眠化",非常非常基本的概念,往后会深入写些实用技巧。